The Nicolas and Robin inequalities with sums of two squares

In 1984, G. Robin proved that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the Robin inequality σ(n) < eγn log log n holds for every integer n > 5040, where σ(n) is the sum of divisors function, and γ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We exhibit a broad class of subsets S of the natural numbers such that the Robin inequality holds for all but finitely many n ∈ S. As a special case, we determine the finitely many numbers of the form n = a2 + b2 that do not satisfy the Robin inequality. In fact, we prove our assertions with the Nicolas inequality n/φ(n) < eγ log log n; since σ(n)/n < n/φ(n) for n > 1 our results for the Robin inequality follow at once.